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2014年職稱英語考試綜合輔導(dǎo)詞匯記憶技巧

結(jié)合記憶法
  將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環(huán)境——句子中,結(jié)合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時(shí),若詞義忘記,則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如:
  slope
  n. ①傾斜;坡度;斜度
  There is always a certain slope in a ship’s deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。
 ?、谛泵?斜坡
  We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。
  vi. 傾斜。
  The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。
  critical
  adj. ①批評(píng)(性)的,吹毛求疵的
  I don’t like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對(duì)每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。
 ?、诰o要的,關(guān)鍵的;危急的
  His condition is reported as being very critical. 據(jù)報(bào)告他的情況非常危急。
  通過此法來掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時(shí)熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。

同類記憶法
  將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時(shí)背記。注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級(jí)別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。
  如headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)”;president和chancellor是同義詞,都表示大專院校“校長(zhǎng)”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長(zhǎng)”,但具體級(jí)別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。
  再如bachelor(學(xué)士)、master(碩士),doctor (博士)三個(gè)詞都表示學(xué)位授予的情況,但具體級(jí)別不同,所以這三個(gè)詞也是一組同類詞匯。
  這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當(dāng)遇到其中一個(gè)詞時(shí),頭腦中出現(xiàn)的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。

比較記憶法
  把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區(qū)別。記憶的過程是一組組,一對(duì)對(duì)單詞同時(shí)記憶。職稱英語中有很大一部分都是對(duì)同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時(shí)進(jìn)行記憶和積累。
  例題1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
  A. started
  B. finished
  C. changed
  D. made
  答案:B
  例題2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
  A. largely
  B. possibly
  C. just
  D. rarely
  答案:C
  Merely/ only/ just

構(gòu)詞法記憶法

  通過掌握構(gòu)詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法:
  1)轉(zhuǎn)化,即由一個(gè)詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個(gè)詞類。例如:
  picture (n)畫-picture (v)描繪
  water (n)水-water (v)澆水
  例題1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
  A. behavior
  B. style
  C. mode
  D. attitude
  答案:A
  解釋:
  Conduct (v.)引導(dǎo),管理,為人,傳導(dǎo)
  Conduct (n.)操守,行為
  Conductor (n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導(dǎo)體等
  Semi-conductor 半導(dǎo)體
  例題2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
  A. suffer
  B. accept
  C. receive
  D. endure
  答案:D
  解釋:
  bear (n.)熊
  bear (v.)負(fù)擔(dān), 忍受, 帶給, 具有, 擠
  2)派生,即通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞,例如:
  happy→ unhappy(加前綴) happiness(加后綴)
  例題1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
  A. promote
  B. paint
  C. polish
  D. produce
  答案:D
  例題2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
  A. mental
  B. physical
  C. natural
  D. hard
  答案:B
  man-, manu- =hand
  manage(管理), manual(體力的,手冊(cè)), manuscript(手寫稿), manufacture(生產(chǎn)), manumit(釋放)
  例題3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
  A. every year
  B. severely
  C. actively
  D. every month
  答案:A
  Ann= year
  Anniversaire (French)
  Anniversary, annals(編年史), annuity(年金)
  3)合成,即由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。例如:
  wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
  pea(豌豆) nuts(堅(jiān)果)→ peanut(花生)
  例題1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
  A. judgement
  B. result
  C. decision
  D. event
  答案:B

根義記憶法
利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題。
  比如要問immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當(dāng)然是肯定的。那么就請(qǐng)看下面三個(gè)“沒有生詞”的片段:
  a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.
  b) She is my immediate neighbor.
  c) the immediate cause
  若沒有讀懂,那么就請(qǐng)看immediate(ly)根義
  中間沒有間隔(地)
  1)(時(shí)間)立刻;
  2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,
  3)(關(guān)系)直接
  例題1:He will leave immediately. (2005職稱英語用書)
  A. far away
  B. right away
  C. right here
  D. soon
  答案:B
  例題2:Can you follow the plot? (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
  A. change
  B. investigate
  C. understand
  D. write
  答案:C
  請(qǐng)看下面幾句中的follow 分別都是什么意思?
  She went into the building, followed by a group of students.
  The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.
  I’m sorry, but I can’t follow you.

幾組對(duì)容易混淆詞進(jìn)行特別記憶
  (1)有些字可當(dāng)形容詞又可當(dāng)副詞,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.
  We had an early breakfast. (形容詞)
  We went by a fast train. (形容詞)
  We had breakfast early. (副詞)
  Don’t speak so fast.(副詞)
  (2)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不過在字義上不同。
  (A) easy “安適地”; easily “容易地”:
  Stand easy!
  He’s not easily satisfied.
  (B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“顯然地”;)
  The bullet went clear through the door.
  The thieves got clearly away.
  (C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;
  The birds are flying high.
  He was highly praised for his work.
  (D) Slow 和 slowly當(dāng)副詞時(shí)同義, 但 slow比 slowly語氣強(qiáng).
  I told the driver to go slow(er).
  Drive slowly round these bends in the road.
  (E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “幾乎不”;
  He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)
  He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)
  (F) just “剛才;僅”; justly “公正地”;
  I’ve just seen him.
  He was justly punished.
  (G) late “遲”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;
  He went to bed late.
  I haven’t seen Mr. Green lately.
  (H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;
  The situation seems pretty hopeless.
  She was prettily dressed.轉(zhuǎn)

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