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信息系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目管理師英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料：項(xiàng)目范圍管理（中英文對(duì)照）知識(shí)
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Project Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully. It is primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is or is not included in the project. Figure 5-1 provides an overview of the major project scope management processes:
項(xiàng)目范圍管理包括確保項(xiàng)目成功完成所必需的所有且是僅僅需要工作。它主要關(guān)心定義和控制什么包括或什么不包括在項(xiàng)目中。圖5-1是項(xiàng)目范圍管理過(guò)程的概覽：
5.1 Initiation—commiting the organization to begin the next phase of the project.
立項(xiàng)－證實(shí)組織開(kāi)始項(xiàng)目的下個(gè)階段。
5.2 Scope Planning—developing a written scope statement as basis for future project decisions.
范圍計(jì)劃編制－制定范圍說(shuō)明，作為未來(lái)項(xiàng)目決策的基礎(chǔ)。
5.3 Scope Definition—subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
范圍定義－將主要的項(xiàng)目可交付成果分成小的、容易管理的部分。
5.4 Scope Verification—formalizing acceptance of the project scope.
范圍核實(shí)－正式接受項(xiàng)目范圍。
5.5 Scope Change Control—controlling changes to project scope.
范圍變更控制－控制項(xiàng)目范圍的變更。
項(xiàng)目范圍管理包括確保項(xiàng)目成功完成所必需的所有且是僅僅需要工作。它主要關(guān)心定義和控制什么包括或什么不包括在項(xiàng)目中。圖5-1是項(xiàng)目范圍管理過(guò)程的概覽：
5.1 Initiation—commiting the organization to begin the next phase of the project.
立項(xiàng)－證實(shí)組織開(kāi)始項(xiàng)目的下個(gè)階段。
5.2 Scope Planning—developing a written scope statement as basis for future project decisions.
范圍計(jì)劃編制－制定范圍說(shuō)明，作為未來(lái)項(xiàng)目決策的基礎(chǔ)。
5.3 Scope Definition—subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
范圍定義－將主要的項(xiàng)目可交付成果分成小的、容易管理的部分。
5.4 Scope Verification—formalizing acceptance of the project scope.
范圍核實(shí)－正式接受項(xiàng)目范圍。
5.5 Scope Change Control—controlling changes to project scope.
范圍變更控制－控制項(xiàng)目范圍的變更。
These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other knowledge areas as well. Each process may involve effort from one or more individuals or groups of individuals based on the needs of the project. Each process generally occurs at least once in every project phase.
這些過(guò)程相互之間以及同其它知識(shí)領(lǐng)域的過(guò)程交互作用。每個(gè)過(guò)程包含了基于項(xiàng)目需求的個(gè)人或集體的努力。每個(gè)過(guò)程在每個(gè)項(xiàng)目階段一般至少發(fā)生一次。
這些過(guò)程相互之間以及同其它知識(shí)領(lǐng)域的過(guò)程交互作用。每個(gè)過(guò)程包含了基于項(xiàng)目需求的個(gè)人或集體的努力。每個(gè)過(guò)程在每個(gè)項(xiàng)目階段一般至少發(fā)生一次。
Although the processes are presented here as discrete elements with well-defined interfaces, in practice they may overlap and interact in ways not detailed here. Process interactions are discussed in detail in Chapter 3.
盡管這里描述的過(guò)程有定義很好的接口，并且是獨(dú)立、離散的要素，實(shí)際上它們以這里未描述的方式重疊和交互作用。第3章中詳細(xì)討論過(guò)程的交互作用。
盡管這里描述的過(guò)程有定義很好的接口，并且是獨(dú)立、離散的要素，實(shí)際上它們以這里未描述的方式重疊和交互作用。第3章中詳細(xì)討論過(guò)程的交互作用。
In the project context, the term “scope” may refer to:
在項(xiàng)目概念中，術(shù)語(yǔ)“范圍”是指：
在項(xiàng)目概念中，術(shù)語(yǔ)“范圍”是指：
· Product scope—the features and fuctions that are to be included in a product or service.
產(chǎn)品范圍－產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)中包含的特征和功能。
產(chǎn)品范圍－產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)中包含的特征和功能。
· Project scope-the work that must be done in order to deliver a product with the specified features and functions.
項(xiàng)目范圍－為了交付具有特定特征和功能的產(chǎn)品所必須做的工作。
項(xiàng)目范圍－為了交付具有特定特征和功能的產(chǎn)品所必須做的工作。
The processes, tools and techniques used to manage project scope are the focus of this chapter. The processes, tools and techniques used to manage product scope vary by application area and are usually defined as part of the project life cycle (the project life cycle is discussed in Section 2.1).
用于管理項(xiàng)目范圍的過(guò)程、工具和技術(shù)是本章的焦點(diǎn)。用于管理產(chǎn)品范圍的過(guò)程、工具和技術(shù)隨應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的變化而變化，并常定義為項(xiàng)目壽命期（見(jiàn)2.1節(jié)）的一部分。
用于管理項(xiàng)目范圍的過(guò)程、工具和技術(shù)是本章的焦點(diǎn)。用于管理產(chǎn)品范圍的過(guò)程、工具和技術(shù)隨應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的變化而變化，并常定義為項(xiàng)目壽命期（見(jiàn)2.1節(jié)）的一部分。
A project consists of a single product, but that product may include subsidiary elements, each with their own separate but interdependent product scope. For example, a new telephone system would generally include four subsidiary elements—hardware, software, training and implementation.
項(xiàng)目包括單一的產(chǎn)品，但是產(chǎn)品可能包括輔助要素，每個(gè)有自己?jiǎn)为?dú)的但相互依賴(lài)的產(chǎn)品范圍。例如，一個(gè)新的電話系統(tǒng)通常包括四個(gè)輔助要素－硬件、軟件、培訓(xùn)和實(shí)施。
項(xiàng)目包括單一的產(chǎn)品，但是產(chǎn)品可能包括輔助要素，每個(gè)有自己?jiǎn)为?dú)的但相互依賴(lài)的產(chǎn)品范圍。例如，一個(gè)新的電話系統(tǒng)通常包括四個(gè)輔助要素－硬件、軟件、培訓(xùn)和實(shí)施。
Completion of the product scope is measured against the requirements while completion of the project scope is measured against the plan. Both types of scope management must be well integrated to ensure that the work of the project will result in delivery of the specified product.
產(chǎn)品范圍的完成以需求來(lái)衡量而項(xiàng)目范圍的完成則是計(jì)劃。兩種類(lèi)型的范圍管理必須很好結(jié)合，確保項(xiàng)目工作可以得到特定產(chǎn)品這個(gè)交付成果。
產(chǎn)品范圍的完成以需求來(lái)衡量而項(xiàng)目范圍的完成則是計(jì)劃。兩種類(lèi)型的范圍管理必須很好結(jié)合，確保項(xiàng)目工作可以得到特定產(chǎn)品這個(gè)交付成果。
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